This paper provides an overview of research methods and statistics, emphasizing the importance, types, and processes of scientific research. It covers sampling techniques, descriptive and inferential statistics, probability concepts, and the interpretation of data. Additionally, it includes guidance on presenting research findings, report writing, and using statistical tools to draw valid conclusions.

The paper presents key theories of child development, introducing the definition, functions, and perspectives of major developmental theories. It covers psychoanalytic, learning, cognitive–language, and biological–ecological viewpoints, highlighting their core concepts and contributors. The content also discusses the applications, strengths, and limitations of each theory in understanding child behaviour and development.

The paper outlines the course Early Developmental Stimulation, focusing on understanding developmental milestones and promoting awareness of early stimulation practices. It covers key areas such as physical, cognitive, social-emotional, and language milestones, along with early stimulation methods, newborn sensory stimulation, and the role of parents. The course also describes early intervention programmes, types of sensory stimulation, and strategies to support holistic development in infants.

The paper outlines the principles, significance, and practices of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), including types of preschools and developmentally appropriate methods. It traces historical contributions of major thinkers and reviews curriculum models, childhood needs, and ECCE development in India. It also covers practical activities for young children—language, arts, play, science, motor skills—to support holistic socio-emotional and physical development.